Detecting Maritime GPS Spoofing Attacks Based on NMEA Sentence Integrity Monitoring

Today’s maritime transportation relies on global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) for accurate navigation. The high-precision GNSS receivers board modern vessels are often considered trustworthy. However, due to technological advances and malicious activities, this assumption is no longer always true. Numerous incidents of tampered signals have been reported. Furthermore, researchers demonstrated that manipulations can be carried out even with inexpensive hardware little expert knowledge, lowering the barrier attacks far-reaching consequences. Hence, exclusive trust in misplaced, methods reliable detection urgently needed. many proposed solutions require expensive replacement existing hardware. In paper, therefore, we present MAritime Nmea-based Anomaly (MANA), a novel low-cost framework GPS spoofing detection. MANA monitors NMEA-0183 data advantageously combines several software-based methods. Using simulations supported by real-world experiments generate an extensive dataset, investigate our approach finally evaluate its effectiveness.